References

The ideas and information which led to this handbook were drawn mainly from the regional networks of people with experience in strategies who have been coming together regularly over the past two years in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Some of the written products of their work appear in this list. We have not attempted to compile a comprehensive bibliography of reports and papers on strategies. Instead, we have only identified those key policy statements by various organizations or governments which relate to strategies and which themselves provide more detailed reference material. These were the primary sources for the handbook. They include the main global policy documents, such as the World Conservation Strategy, Caring for the Earth and Agenda 21, as well as some more specific sources cited within the text, from which examples have been taken.

The World Resources Institute (WRI), in collaboration with IUCN and IIED, regularly produce comprehensive directories of strategy documents which are available from any of the three organizations. 

ADB (1990) Economic Policies for Sustainable Development. ADB, Manila, Philippines Banuri, T and Holmberg J (1992) Governance for Sustainable Development: A Southern Perspective. IIED, Islamabad and London

Carley, M (1994) Policy Management Systems and Methods of Analysis for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development. IIED, London and FAO, Rome

Carley, M, and Christie, I (1992) Managing Sustainable Development. Earthscan, London Commission on Resources and Environment (1993) 1992–93 Annual Report to the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Commission on Resources and Environment, Victoria (British Columbia)

Dalal-Clayton, DB and Dent D (1993) Surveys, Plans and People: A Review of Land Resource Information and its Use in Developing Countries. Environmental Planning Issues No 2, IIED, London

Falloux, F, and Talbot, L (1992) Crisis and Opportunity: environment and development in Africa. Earthscan, London

FAO (1991) Strategy and Agenda for Action for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development. FAO, Rome

FAO/WRI/WORLD BANK/UNDP (1987) The Tropical Forestry Action Plan. FAO, Rome

Hill, J (1993) National Sustainable Strategies. A Comparative Review of the Status of Five Countries: Canada, France, The Netherlands, Norway and UK. Green Alliance, London

IMO (1983) Strategy for the Protection of the Marine Environment. International Maritime Organization, London

IUCN (November 1992) Report of Workshops on Strategies for Sustainability in South and Southeast Asia and Africa. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland

IUCN (July 1993) Report of Workshop on Strategies for Sustainability in Latin America. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland

IUCN (1994 a) Strategies for Sustainability. Africa: Volume 1. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland

IUCN (1994 b) Strategies for Sustainability. Asia: Volume 1. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland

IUCN (1994 c) Strategies for Sustainability. Latin America: Volume 1. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland

IUCN. 1984. National Conservation Strategies: a Framework for Sustainable Development. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland

IUCN/UNEP/WWF (1980) World Conservation Strategy. Living resource conservation for sustainable development. IUCN, UNEP and WWF, Gland, Switzerland

IUCN/UNEP/WWF (1991) Caring for the Earth. A strategy for sustainable living. IUCN, UNEP and WWF, Gland, Switzerland, and Earthscan, London

OECD (1987) Seminar on Strengthening Environmental Cooperation with Developing Countries (Report). OECD, Paris

OECD (1991) Recent Developments in the Use of Economic Instruments. Environment Monographs No 41. OECD, Paris

OECD (1992) Good Practices for Country Environmental Surveys and Strategies. OECD Guidelines on Environment and Aid, 2. OECD, Paris

Pretty, JN (1993) Alternative Systems of Inquiry for a Sustainable Agriculture. IIED, London

Rees, WT 1989. Defining sustainable development. Research Bulletin, UBC Centre for Human Settlements, Vancouver

SDC (1991) Sustainability of Development Projects: Basic Principles and Application in Practice. Swiss Directorate for Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid, Bern

Shah, P (1993) Institutional Participation: Case study of Joint Forest Management Programme in India. Paper presented to the Workshop on Strategies for Sustainability, IUCN General Assembly, 1994, Buenos Aires

UN (1948) Universal Declaration of Human Rights. UN Commission on Human Rights, Paris

UN (1982) World Charter for Nature. UN General Assembly 37th Session (UN/GA/RES/37/ 7), New York

UN (1992) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. The UN Conference on Environment and Development, 3–14 June, Rio De Janiero

UNCED (1992) Agenda 21. United Nations General Assembly, New York

UNCHS (1976) Vancouver Action Plan for Human Settlements. Adopted by the UN Conference on Human Settlements (HABITAT), Vancouver

UNCOD (1977) Plan of Action to Combat Desertification. Adopted by the UN Conference on Desertification, Nairobi

UNDP/IADB (1990) Our Own Agenda: Report of the Latin American & Caribbean Commission on Development and Environment. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC, and United Nations Development Programme, New York.

UNEP/UNESCO (1975) International Environmental Education Programme. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, Paris

UNWC (1977) Mar del Plata Action Plan for Water Resources Development. Adopted by the UN Water Conference, Mar del Plata, Argentina

WCED (1987) Our Common Future. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford University Press, Oxford

WHO (1981) Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000. World Health Organization

WPC (1974) World Population Plan of Action. Adopted by the World Population Conference, Bucharest

WRI/IUCN/UNEP (1992) Global Biodiversity Strategy: Guidelines for Action to Save, Study and Use Earth’s Biotic Wealth Sustainably and Equitably. WRI/IUCN/UNEP. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC

World Bank (1990) National Environmental Action Plans in Africa. Proceedings from a workshop organized by the Government of Ireland, the Environmental Institute, University College, Dublin, and the World Bank (EDIAR and AFTEN). World Bank, Washington, DC

World Bank (1991) Issues Facing Environmental Action Plans in Africa. Report from a Club of Dublin Workshop, Mauritius. World Bank, Washington, DC

World Bank (1992) Operational Directive 4.02: Environmental Action Plans. The World Bank Operational Manual. World Bank, Washington, DC