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| Environment Inside - 13.2 What tools and approaches are available? |
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IIED’s country surveys identified a range of common and popular approaches associated with particular challenges and tasks. We have grouped these into six categories, the first four broadly equating with different cycle tasks (see Table 13.2):
- Providing information
- Planning and organisation
- Deliberation and engagement
- Management
- Voluntary and indigenous approaches
- Other approaches
Table 13.2 covers many tools and approaches available to support environmental mainstreaming, but is still not comprehensive. Only a few of the approaches listed might be appropriate in all circumstances given their cost, skill and technological requirements. Click here for profiles of selected approaches.
Table 13.2: Tools for environmental mainstreaming
(Profiles of asterisked tools can be accessed by clicking on the tool]
(A) INFORMATION TOOLS
Impact assessment & strategic analysis
Economic and financial assessment
Social surveys and assessments
- Household surveys
- Participatory poverty assessment
- Spatial data analysis
- Well-being health happiness measurement
Spatial assessment
Monitoring and evaluation
- Community-based monitoring
- Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
- Environmental quality monitoring
- Environmental audits
- Indicators*
- Monitoring (general)
- Multi-sectoral monitoring
- State of environment report (SOE)
Other
- Cleaner production in-plant assessment
- Pre-feasibility studies
- Thematic studies (e.g. noise pollution, emissions)
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(B) PLANNING & ORGANISATION TOOLS
Plans & policies
- Business plans for protected areas
- (National) sustainable development strategies*
- Conservation plans
- Economic-cum-environmental planning (ECE)
- Environmental (action) plans
- Fiscal policy (taxes, incentives, etc)
- Integrated development plans
- Internal environmental policy
- National & District Environmental Action Plans (NEAP / DEAP)
- Physical & land use planning
- Strategic planning (general)
- Spatial development framework
Legal
Policy tools
- Policy analysis
- Policy guidelines
Organisation-specific
- Corporate policy & sustainability reporting
- In-house project & programme appraisals
- Planning schedule
- Work plans
Visioning
Other
- Certification
- Charters & codes of practice
- Cleaner production
- Eco-management & audit system (EMAS)
- Environmental management system (EMS)*
- Gantt tables
- Internal meetings
- ISO standards
- Life cycle analysis
- Multiple decision criteria analysis
- Performance standards, loan/grant conditions
- Standards & licensing
- Sustainable livelihoods
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(C) DELIBERATION & ENGAGEMENT TOOLS
Participation & citizens’ action
- Citizens jury*
- Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM)
- Community meetings
- Community mobilisation
- Conferences
- Eco clubs
- Environmental tribunal
- Internal meetings
- Meetings with external actors
- Multi-stakeholder consultation/processes
- National councils for SD*
- Participatory mapping
- Participatory planning
- Participatory rural appraisal
- Partnerships (e.g. citizen-city administration)
- Private-public committees
- Public consultations and hearings
- Public participation (general)
- Reward systems/motivation/funds augmentation
- Stakeholder mapping
- Workshops & seminars
Creating demand & awareness
- Awareness workshops
- Media (campaigns)
- Negotiations
- Public online databases
- Right to Information Act
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(D) MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Management planning & control
- Alternative dispute resolution
- Conflict management/resolution
- Energy audits
- Environmental compliance audits
- Environmental management plans (EMP) & frameworks
- Integrated environmental management
- Occupational health & safety audits
- Performance indicators & benchmarks
- Risk assessment
Market-based tools
- Business supply chains
- Eco-labelling
- Green procurement
- Payments for environmental services
- Institutional governance (general)
- Environmental standards & regulations
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(E) VOLUNTARY & INDIGENOUS APPROACHES
- Analysis of international regulations
- Converting Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) to sustainable & equitable empowerment (SEE)
- Bhagidari scheme (India)
- Informal communication
- Quality management systems
- Review of national jurisdiction
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(F) OTHER APPROACHES
- Capacity-building workshops/seminars
- Collaborative forest management
- Environmental levy
- Integrated soil & nutrient management tools
- On-farm resource flows
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