|
Organisation
for Economic Cooperation and Development
and
United
Nations Development Programme
TAKING
A SYSTEMATIC AND STRATEGIC APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY
A
Resource Book for
Sustainable Development Strategies
Second
Draft
1
March 2002
A Resource Book for
Sustainable Development Strategies
International
Institute for Environment and Development
3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1H ODD
Tel: +44-207-388-2117; Fax: +44-207-388-2826
http://www.iied.org (see also:
http://www.nssd.net)
Email: barry.dalal-clayton@iied.org
and Steve.bass@iied.org
How
to send comments
Go to
Preface
Table
of Contents (summary). Please note some of these files are large and make
take some time to download depending on your connection speed.
Background
Information on the Resource Book
Preface
In 1992, Agenda 21 called
for all countries to develop national sustainable development strategies (NSDSs).
These are intended to translate the ideas and commitments of the Earth Summit
into concrete policies and actions. Agenda 21 recognised that key decisions
are needed at the national level, and should be made by stakeholders together.
It believed that the huge agenda inherent in sustainable development needed
an orderly approach – a ‘strategy’. But Agenda 21 stopped short
of defining such a strategy, or even of guidance on how to go about it.
The UN held a Special Session
to review progress five years after the Earth Summit. Delegates were concerned
about continued environmental deterioration, and social and economic marginalisation.
There have been success stories, but they are fragmented, or they have caused
other problems. Sustainable development as a mainstream process of societal
transformation still seems elusive. Strategic policy and institutional changes
are still required.
The Rio+5 assessment led
governments to set a target of 2002 for introducing national sustainable development
strategies. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD, in its 1996
Shaping the 21st Century publication, called for the formulation and implementation
of an NSDS in every country by 2005 (as one of seven International Development
Targets). It also committed DAC members to support developing countries’
NSDSs. But, again, no attempt was made to set out what a strategy would include
or involve – in spite of growing experience with a number of international
and local strategic models. ‘How would I know one if I saw one?’ one
Minister asked.
This Resource Book is the
companion to Policy Guidance (Strategies
for Sustainable Development: Guidance for Development Cooperation (OECD-DAC
2001a). Both publications draw from international experience of many strategic
approaches to sustainable development over the past two decades.
During 1999-2001, members
of the OECD/DAC Working Party on Development Cooperation and Environment worked
in partnership with eight developing countries to assess experience of country-level
sustainable development strategies: Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Namibia, Nepal,
Pakistan, Tanzania and Thailand. Through dialogues involving stakeholders from
government, the private sector and civil society, past and existing strategic
planning experiences were analysed, key issues and challenges identified, and
principles for best practice developed. An iterative process involving in-country
discussions and three international workshops in Tanzania, Thailand and Bolivia,
led to consensus on the final text of the Policy Guidance.
The Policy Guidance sets
out best practice in developing and operating strategic processes for sustainable
development, and on how development cooperation agencies can best assist developing
countries in such processes, and includes a set of set of principles which underpin
the development of effective strategies in many developing countries (Box 3.1).
In November 2001, a UN International
Forum on National Strategies for Sustainable Development (held in preparation
for the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, WSSD) agreed guidance
on NSDSs which confirms almost identical principles - but termed ‘elements’
(Box 3.2) and defined as being applicable to both developed and developing countries
alike.
Following up on this, PrepCom3
for the WSSD in March/April 2002, noted the work of the OECD DAC and the Ghana
Forum and called for the endorsement of the UN Guidance and launch of a manual
on NSDSs at the WSSD [to be confirmed at PrepCom3 in March/April 2002].
This Resource
Book meets the needs of such a manual, providing in-depth information
on processes and methodologies. It was prepared by the International
Institute for Environment and Development, working in collaboration
with members of the partner country teams (see above) and a wide
range of other organisations and individuals. It will be of value
to a wide range of organisations, institutions and individuals in
both developed and developing countries concerned with strategic
planning for sustainable development.
Contents
How
to use this page:
To view individual chapters, view and/or download the
PDF files by clicking on the links or icons below. These
files will include the latest versions. |
|
To
view the PDF files you will need the free
Acrobat viewer. |
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| PART
ONE: BACKGROUND |
|
Title,
acknowledgements, acronyms, contents
|
69
KB |
1.
Introduction 1.1
Aims
1.2 Target audience (international, national to local)
1.3 Layout
1.4 How to use the sourcebook |
209
KB |
2.
Sustainable development and the need for strategic responses
2.1
The opportunity for a strategic approach to national
development
2.2 Environment and development challenges
2.3 Focus on national sustainable development strategies:
a Rio commitment and one of the seven international
development goals
2.4 Guidance to date on sustainable development strategies
2.5 Why we need a strategic approach to sustainable
development |
199
KB |
| PART
TWO: TASKS IN STRATEGY PROCESSES |
|
3.The
nature of sustainable development strategies and current
practice 3.1
Introduction
3.2 What are sustainable development strategies?
3.3 Key principles for developing sustainable development
strategies
3.4 Current practice: existing strategy frameworks |
546
KB |
4.
Key steps in starting, managing and improving sustainable
development strategies
4.1
Harnessing effective strategic functions in a continual-improvement
system
4.2 Scoping exercise
4.3 Establishing or strengthening a Secretariat or coordinating
body
4.4 Establishing or strengthening a Steering Committee
or equivalent forum
4.5 Seeking or improving political commitment
4.6 Establishing or confirming a mandate for the strategy
4.7 Ensuring broad ownership of the strategy private
sector
4.8 Mobilising the required resources
4.9 Identifying stakeholders and defining their roles
in the strategy
4.10 Mapping out the strategy process, taking stock
of existing strategies and other planning processes
4.11 Seeking to improve coherence and co-ordination
between strategy frameworks at all levels between sectors
– and ensuring coherence and coordination there
4.12 Establishing and agreeing the ground rules governing
procedures
4.13 Establishing a schedule and calendar for the strategy
process
4.14 Promoting the strategy
4.15 The role of experiments and pilot projects
4.16 Establishing and improving the regular strategy
mechanisms and processes |
445
KB |
5.
Analysis 5.1
Approaching and organising the tasks of analysis
5.2 Analysing stakeholders in sustainable development
5.3 Approaches to measuring
and analyzing sustainability
5.4 Analysing sustainable development mechanisms and
processes
5.5 Scenario development |
Part
A
372
KB
Part
B
603
KB
Part
C
289
KB |
6.
Participation 6.1
Introduction
6.2 Understanding participation
6.3 Why participation is needed in strategies for sustainable
development
6.4 Ensuring effective participation – issues and
planning requirements
6.5 Methods for participation in strategies |
Part
A
1,140
KB
|
| 7.
Communications
7.1
Introduction
7.2 Shifting values, attitudes and style
7.3 Establishing a communications and information
strategy and system
|
279
KB |
8.
Strategy decision-making and linkages
8.1
The scope of strategy decisions
8.2 Challenges, principles and useful frameworks for
making strategy decisions
8.3 Institutional roles and processes for strategy decisions
8.4 Selecting instruments for implementing strategy
decisions |
364
KB |
9.
The financial basis for strategies
9.1
Introduction
9.2 Mobilising finance
9.3 Using market mechanisms to create incentives for
sustainable development
9.4 Mainstreaming sustainable development into investment
and financial decision-making |
155
KB |
10.
Monitoring and evaluation systems 10.1
Introduction
10.2 Who should undertake monitoring and evaluation?
10.3 When should monitoring and evaluation be undertaken?
10.4 The ‘pressure-state-response’ framework
for monitoring – its utility and limitations
10.5 Monitoring the implementation of the strategy and
ensuring accountability
10.6 Monitoring and evaluating the results of the strategy
10.7 Disseminating the findings of monitoring exercises,
and feedback to strategy decisions
|
351
KB |
| PART
THREE: REFERENCES, CONTACTS AND SOURCES |
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| 11.
References |
134
KB |
| 12.
Institutions, networks, training courses and other sources
of materials |
223
KB |
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