In some countries (e.g. Philippines) culture was cited as a key driver. This stems from the realization that to ensure environmental sustainability, there is need to respect and consider indigenous and local culture and traditions because they, and the environment they live in, are closely related.

“Indigenous practices provide the basis for local-level decision-making in agriculture, health care, food preparation, education, natural-resource management, and a host of other activities in rural communities. A case in point is the Muyong or woodlot, which is living proof of the Ifugao’s knowledge of silviculture, agroforestry, horticulture and soil and water conservation. The Ifugaos attribute value to the forest on the basis of their cultural ways and practices. In recognition of this, forestry development nowadays integrates indigenous systems of forest management”. (Earth Council/ICLEI, 2008)